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Tamil Nadu Board 11th Standard History Unit 16: Book Back Answers and Solutions

This post covers the book back answers and solutions for Unit 16 – History from the Tamil Nadu State Board 11th Standard textbook. These detailed answers have been carefully prepared by our expert teachers at KalviTips.com.

We have explained each answer in a simple, easy-to-understand format, highlighting important points step by step under the relevant subtopics. Students are advised to read and memorize these subtopics thoroughly. Once you understand the main concepts, you’ll be able to connect other related points with real-life examples and confidently present them in your tests and exams.

By going through this material, you’ll gain a strong understanding of History Unit 16 along with the corresponding book back questions and answers (PDF format).

Question Types Covered:

1 Mark Questions: Choose the correct answer, Fill in the blanks, Identify the correct statement, Match the following
2 Mark Questions: Answer briefly
3, 4, and 5 Mark Questions: Answer in detail

All answers are presented in a clear and student-friendly manner, focusing on key points to help you score full marks.

All the best, Class 11th students! Prepare well and aim for top scores. Thank you!

Unit 11 - Later Cholas and Pandyas

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.

Naval expeditions of _______ extended as far as Sri Vijaya Kingdom.
(a) Kulothunga III

(b) Rajendra I
(c) Rajaraja I

(d) Paranthaka

Answer Key:

(b) Rajendra I

Question 2.

The core of the Chola kingdom lay in _______________ delta called Cholamandalam.
(a) Vaigai

(b) Kaveri
(c) Krishna

(d) Godavari

Answer Key:

(b) Kaveri

Question 3.

Rajaraja I and Rajendra I jointly ruled the Chola kingdom for _______ years.
(a) 3

(b) 2

(d) 4

Answer Key:

(b) 2

Question 4.

_______ makes one kalam
(a) 28 kg

(b) 27 kg

(d) 72 kg

Answer Key:

(a) 28 kg

Question 5.

“Kedah” is in _______
(a) Malaysia

(b) Singapore
(c) Thailand

(d ) Cambodia

Answer Key:

(a) Malaysia

Question 6.

In the reign of Rajaraja I, Mammallapuram was administered by a body called ______.
(a) Nattar

(b) Maanagaram
(c) Nagarattar

(d) Urar

Answer Key:

(b) Maanagaram

Question 7.

Match the Following:
(A) Cantonments                 - 1. Padaividu
(B) Military outposts           - 2. Dandanayagam
(C) Captain                        - 3. Nilai padai
(D) Commander-in-chief    - 4. Padaimudali
(a) 1, 3, 4, 2

(b) 4, 2, 1, 3
(c) 2, 1, 3, 4

(d) 2, 3, 1, 4

Answer Key:

(a) 1, 3, 4, 2

Question 8.

In commemoration of his victory in__________, Rajendra I built Gangaikonda Chozhapuram.
(a) Sri Lanka

(b) North India
(c) Kerala

(d) Karnataka

Answer Key:

(b) North India

Question 9.

________was the first capital of Pandyas.
(a) Madurai

(b) Kayalpattinam
(c) Korkai

(d) Puhar

Answer Key:

(a) Madurai

Question 10.

Manur inscription dating to 800 CE provides an account of ________ administration.
(a) central

(b) village
(c) military

(d) provincial

Answer Key:

(b) village

Question 11.

In dry-zone Ramanathapuram, _______ were created by Pandya kings.
(a) moats

(b) sluices
(c) dams

(d) tanks

Answer Key:

(d) tanks

II. Write Brief Answers

1. What are the quasi-historical literary works of the Cholas?

Kalingattupparani, Kulotungan cholan Pillai Tamizh.
Muvarula, and KambaRamayanam.

2. Why was the Cholamandalam called “Mummudi Cholamandalam”?

By the 11th century, through invasions, Cholas extended their territory to Tondainadu, Pandinadu, and the Kerala territory.
The Cholas ventured overseas conquering the north-eastern parts of sriLanka.
This part of srilanka was called Mummudi-Cholamandalam.

3. What were the titles assumed by Rajendra I?

Mudi konda Cholan,
Gangai kondan,
Kadaram kondan
Pandita Cholan.

4. List the various units of the land measurement.

Kuli, ma, veli, patti, padagam, etc.

5. Name the canals constructed and named after Chola kings, queens and gods.

Uttama chola vaykkal,
Panca-vanama devi-vaykkal,
Ganavathy-vaykkal.

6. Write a short note on Sangam, the Tamil academy.

The term Sangam, means an academy.
The term Sangam occurs in Iraiyanar Akapporul.
Its used in late medieval literary works like Periya Puranam and Tiruvilaiyadal Puranam.

7. What were the results of Malik Kafur’s invasion of Pandyan kingdom?

The Pandyan kingdom came to be divided in the Pandya’s family.
In Madurai, Sultanian Rule was established.
Later Jalaluddin Asan Shah declared himself independent.

III. Write Short Answers

1. Write a note on the naval expeditions of RajarajaChola.

He engaged in naval expeditions and emerged victorious in the West Coast, SriLanka.
He conquered the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.
Sri Lanka led to its northern and eastern portions coming under the direct control of the Chola authority.
Rajaraja I appointed a Tamil chief to govern the annexed regions.

2. Why was Rajendra Chola called “Kadaramkondan”?

Rajendra’s naval operation was directed against Sri Vijaya.
Sri Vijaya kingdom was one of the prominent maritime and commercial states in south east Asia.
Kheda (Kadaram), feudatory kingdom was also conquered by Rajendra.
So he was called kadaramkondan.

3. Write a note on the role of guilds during the Chola period.

Two guild like groups are known: anjuvannattar and manigramattar.
Anjuvannattar were maritime traders and were settled all along the port towns of the west coast.
manigramattar were busy with trade in the hinter land.
Both groups merged under the banner of disai-ayirattu-ainutruvar.

4. Name some of the taxes collected during the Chola period.

The taxes collected included irai, kanikadan, iraikattina-kanikadan.
Iraikattina-nellu, kadami.
Kudimai, Opati.

5. Write about the social hierarchy under Cholas.

The Brahmin landholders called brahmadeya-kilavars at the top brahmadeya settlements.
The landholders of vellanvagai villages were placed next in the social hierarchy.
Ulukudi had to cultivate the lands of Brahmins and holders of vellanvagai villages.
Outside the world of agrarian society were the armed men, artisans and traders.

6. Mention some educational institutions of the Chola period.

Chola kings were great patrons of learning.
Rajendra I established a Vedic college at Ennayiram.
There were 340 students in this Vaishnava centre, learning the Vedas, Grammar and Vedanta under 14 teachers.
Two more such colleges started, at Tribuvani and Tirumukudal.

7. What are the prominent rock-cut temples built by the early Pandyas?

The prominent rock-cut cave temples built by the early Pandyas.
They are found in Pillayarpatti, Tirumeyyam, Kuntrakkudi, Tiruchendur, Kalugumalai, kanyakumari and Sittannavasal.
Sittannavasal cave temple was built by IlamKautamar.
Sri Maran Srivallaban renovated Sittannavasal cave temple.

8. Attempt an account of foreign travellers on Pandya kingdom.

Marco Polo, Wassaff and Ibn-Batuta were arrived Pandya kingdom.
They mentioned, political and socio-cultural developments of during the pandya reign.
Marco Polo recorded the incidents of sati and the polygamy practiced by the kings.
Horse trade of pandya’s time has been recorded by Wassaff.

IV. Answer the following in detail

1. Irrigation and water management schemes resulted in agrarian surplus during the rule of Cholas. Analyse.

As the state was drawing most of its revenue from agriculture.
They arrangements were made for irrigation by digging tanks, wells and canals.
This led to the production of food grain surplus.
Vativaykkal, a criss-cross channel, is a traditional way of harnessing rain water.
Vati is a drainage channel and a Vaykkal is a supply channel.
The turn system was practiced for distributing the water.
Different kinds of water rights were assigned.
These rights regulated the share of water from the tanks and wells.
Village assemblies under the Cholas collected a tax called eriayam, It’s for repairing irrigation tanks

2. Highlight the architectural excellence of Cholas.

The Grand Temple of Thanjavur, stands as an outstanding example of Chola architecture, painting, sculpture and iconography.
The sanctum with a vimana of 190 feet is capped with a stone weighing 80 tons.
The figures of Hindu dities were engraved in the outer walls of the sanctum.
Rajendra I built Gangaikonda Chozhapuram on the model of Brihadisvarar temple in Thanjavur.
The sculptures of Ardhanariswarar, Durga, Vishnu, Surya, are the best pieces of the idols of gods placed in the niches of the outer wall of sanctum.
Darasuram Temple, built by Rajaraja II , is yet another important contribution of the Cholas to temple architecture.
Incidents from the Periyapuranam, in the form of miniatures, are depicted on the base of the garbha-griha wall of the temple.

3. Discuss the socio-religious and cultural conditions during the reign of Cholas.

Landholding was the prime determinant of social status and hierarchy.
The Brahmin landholders called brahmadeya-kilavars at the top brahmadeya settlements.
The landholders of vellanvagai villages were placed next in the social hierarchy.
Ulukudi (tenants) could not own land but had to cultivate the lands of Brahmins and holders of vellanvagai villages.
While landholders retained melvaram , the ulukudi got kizh varam.
Labourers (paniceymakkal) and slaves (adimaigal) stayed at the bottom of social hierarchy.
Outside the world of agrarian society were the armed men, artisans and traders. There certainly were tribals and forest-dwellers.

4. Justify the statement "Temple was a social institution".

Chola temples became the arena of social celebrations and functioned as social institutions.They became the hub of societal space in organising social, political, economic and cultural activities.
They promoted the development of learning, dance, music, painting and drama. It is said that singing hymns in temple premises promoted oral literacy.
The Pastrol group donated livestock to maintain the perpetual lamp to be lit in the temple.
The oil pressers supplied oil to the temple and became part of the functionaries of the temples.
Temples functioned as banks by advancing loans and by purchasing and receiving endowments and donations.
They also became educational centres as training was imparted in Vedas, music and the arts.
Sculpture and metal work too were promoted.

5. Write about the flourishing trade and commerce during Pandyas’ rule.

Arab traders were exempted from various kinds of port dues and tolls.
In the inscriptions, the traders are referred to as nikamattor, nanadesi, ticai-ayiratu-ainutruvar, ainutruvar, manikiramattar and patinen-vishyattar.
They founded the trade guilds in Kodumpalur and Periyakulam.
The goods were exported spices, pearls, precious stones, horses, elephants and birds.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, horse trade was brisk.
Those who were trading in horses were called kudirai-chetti. They were active in maritime trade also.
The busiest port town under the Pandyas was Kayalpattinam on the east coast.
Gold coins were in circulation as the trade was carried through the medium of gold.

6. What are the steps taken by the Pandya kings towards irrigation?

The Pandya rulers created a number of irrigation sources.
Some of them were Vasudeva Peraru, Virapandya Peraru, Srivallaba Peraru and Parakirama Pandya Peraru.
The tanks were named Tirumaleri, Maraneri, Kaliyaneri and Kadaneri. On either side of the rivers Vaigai and Tamiraparni, canals leading to the tanks for irrigation were built.
In building the banks of the tanks, the ancient architect used the thread to maintain the level.
Revetment of the inner side of the banks with stone slabs.
In these areas, such irrigation works were done by local administrative bodies, local chiefs and officials.

7. Compare and contrast architectural stylesof Cholas and the Pandyas.

The Cholas	The Pandyas
The early Chola’s temples are simple and modest.	Medieval Pandyas and later Pandyas did not build any new temples.
The imperial (later) Cholas built and patronised innumerable temples.	Medieval Pandyas and later Pandyas did not build any new temples.
They built temples in Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Chozhapuram and Darasuram and etc.	They maintained the existing temples, enlarging them with the addition of gopuras, mandapas and circumbulations.
In these temples of the chola country, the sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, Kotravai, Ganesa, Subramanya, Surya and Brahma are best specimens.	In these temples of the Pandya country, the sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, Kotravai, Ganesa, Subramanya, Surya and Brahma are best specimens.
Chola kings were saivite, so they built saivite temples.	Some pandya kings were ardent Saivite; some were ardent Vaishnvavites, so they patronized both temples.